What are the chemical resistance properties of terrazzo?

Terrazzo is a composite material that has been used for centuries in a variety of architectural applications, from flooring to wall cladding. As a terrazzo supplier, I often get asked about the chemical resistance properties of terrazzo. In this blog post, I'll delve into the factors that influence terrazzo's chemical resistance, the types of chemicals it can withstand, and how to maintain its performance over time.

Composition and Structure of Terrazzo

Terrazzo is typically made by combining chips of marble, quartz, granite, or glass with a binder, which can be cement, epoxy, or a polymer resin. The chips are embedded in the binder and then ground and polished to create a smooth, durable surface. The chemical resistance of terrazzo depends largely on the type of binder used and the nature of the aggregate materials.

Cement-based terrazzo is one of the most common types. Cement is a porous material, and its chemical resistance is relatively limited compared to other binders. However, it can still provide good resistance to many common household chemicals and mild acids and alkalis. The porosity of cement-based terrazzo means that it can absorb liquids, which may lead to staining if not properly sealed.

Epoxy and polymer resin-based terrazzos offer superior chemical resistance. Epoxy is a thermosetting polymer that forms a strong, non-porous bond with the aggregate. This makes epoxy terrazzo highly resistant to a wide range of chemicals, including acids, alkalis, solvents, and oils. Polymer resin-based terrazzos also have excellent chemical resistance properties, and they can be formulated to meet specific performance requirements.

Chemical Resistance of Terrazzo Against Different Substances

Acids

The resistance of terrazzo to acids depends on the type and concentration of the acid, as well as the type of terrazzo. Cement-based terrazzo is generally less resistant to acids because the calcium carbonate in the cement can react with acids to form soluble salts. Dilute acids, such as vinegar, may not cause significant damage to properly sealed cement terrazzo, but stronger acids like hydrochloric or sulfuric acid can etch the surface and cause discoloration.

Epoxy and polymer resin-based terrazzos are much more resistant to acids. They can withstand exposure to a variety of organic and inorganic acids without significant degradation. This makes them suitable for applications in laboratories, chemical processing plants, and food processing facilities where acid spills may occur.

Alkalis

Alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide (lye), can also pose a challenge to terrazzo. Cement-based terrazzo has some resistance to mild alkalis, but prolonged exposure to strong alkalis can cause the cement to deteriorate. Epoxy and polymer resin-based terrazzos are highly resistant to alkalis and can maintain their integrity even when exposed to concentrated alkaline solutions.

Solvents

Solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, and toluene, can have different effects on terrazzo depending on the type of binder. Cement-based terrazzo may absorb solvents, which can lead to swelling and weakening of the material. Epoxy and polymer resin-based terrazzos are generally more resistant to solvents. However, some aggressive solvents may still cause softening or discoloration if the exposure is prolonged or at high concentrations.

Oils and Greases

Oils and greases are common contaminants in many commercial and industrial settings. Cement-based terrazzo can be prone to staining from oils and greases, especially if it is not properly sealed. Epoxy and polymer resin-based terrazzos have better resistance to oils and greases. Their non-porous surfaces prevent the penetration of these substances, making them easier to clean and maintain.

Factors Affecting Chemical Resistance

Sealing

Proper sealing is crucial for enhancing the chemical resistance of terrazzo, especially cement-based terrazzo. Sealers create a protective barrier on the surface of the terrazzo, preventing the penetration of liquids and chemicals. There are different types of sealers available, including penetrating sealers and topical sealers. Penetrating sealers penetrate into the pores of the terrazzo and react with the material to form a hydrophobic layer. Topical sealers form a thin film on the surface of the terrazzo, providing a physical barrier against chemicals.

Surface Finish

The surface finish of terrazzo can also affect its chemical resistance. A smooth, polished surface is less likely to trap chemicals and is easier to clean than a rough or textured surface. Polishing the terrazzo after installation not only enhances its aesthetic appeal but also improves its chemical resistance by reducing the surface area available for chemical interaction.

Installation and Maintenance

Proper installation and maintenance are essential for ensuring the long-term chemical resistance of terrazzo. During installation, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for mixing and applying the binder and aggregate. Incorrect installation can lead to voids, cracks, or uneven surfaces, which can compromise the chemical resistance of the terrazzo.

Regular maintenance, including cleaning and resealing, is necessary to keep the terrazzo in good condition. Cleaning should be done using mild detergents and non-abrasive cleaners to avoid damaging the surface. Resealing should be done at regular intervals to maintain the protective barrier against chemicals.

Applications of Terrazzo Based on Chemical Resistance

The chemical resistance properties of terrazzo make it suitable for a wide range of applications. In commercial buildings, terrazzo flooring is commonly used in lobbies, corridors, and retail spaces. Its durability and chemical resistance make it a practical choice for high-traffic areas where spills and stains are likely to occur.

In industrial settings, epoxy and polymer resin-based terrazzos are often used in areas such as factories, warehouses, and laboratories. These applications require a flooring material that can withstand exposure to chemicals, oils, and heavy machinery. For example, in a chemical processing plant, terrazzo can be used to line chemical storage tanks or as flooring in areas where chemical spills are a concern.

In the food industry, terrazzo is a popular choice for flooring in kitchens, food processing areas, and cold storage facilities. Its non-porous surface and resistance to acids, alkalis, and oils make it easy to clean and sanitize, meeting the strict hygiene requirements of the food industry.

Conclusion and Call to Action

As a terrazzo supplier, I understand the importance of providing high-quality terrazzo products with excellent chemical resistance properties. Whether you are looking for a durable flooring solution for a commercial building, an industrial facility, or a food processing plant, we have the expertise and products to meet your needs.

We offer a wide range of terrazzo options, including Terrazzo Floor White and White Terrazzo Slab, which are available in different colors, patterns, and finishes. Our Quartz Threshold is also a great choice for enhancing the functionality and aesthetics of your space.

If you are interested in learning more about our terrazzo products or discussing your specific requirements, please feel free to contact us. Our team of experts is ready to assist you in selecting the right terrazzo solution for your project and providing you with all the necessary information and support.

References

• ASTM International. (Year). Standard test methods for chemical resistance of polymer concrete. ASTM D297-93(2015).
• Concrete Construction Magazine. (Year). Chemical resistance of concrete and related materials.
• Terrazzo Tile Association. (Year). Technical guide to terrazzo installation and maintenance.